INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONGRESS SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL SCENCES
Historical Developments in the U.S. Energy and Environmental Policy: the Biden Era
The United States has historically been the largest contributor to global warming, largely due to its economic growth fueled by abundant energy resources. The nation’s economic structure, long reliant on inexpensive energy, has contributed to its reluctance to engage in international efforts to combat climate change. For decades, the U.S. has pursued policies that expanded fossil fuel production while remaining disengaged from global climate initiatives. A significant shift in energy and environmental policy occurred with the election of the 46th President, Joseph R. Biden. One of President Biden’s first actions in office was to rejoin the Paris Agreement, signaling a renewed commitment to international climate cooperation. Subsequently, his administration introduced a series of regulatory measures, most notably the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which positioned the U.S. as a global leader in climate action. The IRA is regarded as the most comprehensive climate legislation in American history, encompassing provisions to reduce carbon emissions, enhance energy security, and accelerate the transition to renewable energy sources—particularly solar energy. Among its key components, the act includes tax incentives for electric vehicles and aims to reduce U.S. energy-related carbon emissions by 50%–52% below 2005 levels by 2030. This study aims to examine the energy and environmental policies implemented during the Biden administration, a period characterized by the most ambitious sustainability-oriented regulations in the U.S. history. Employing a historical analysis methodology, this research will evaluate the administration’s key policies and their outcomes between 2021 and 2025.
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