INTERNATIONAL 8th USBİLİM HEALTH, ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES CONGRESS
TYPES OF HAIR DAMAGE AND RESTORATION METHODS: MEASUREMENT AND PREVENTION OF HAIR DAMAGE
Yayıncı:
Akademik Paylaşım Platformu Publishing House - APP Publications
Hair is a complex biological structure composed of keratin proteins, lipids, water, and pigments. Various environmental and chemical factors compromise its structural integrity, leading to issues such as fragility, dullness, and loss of elasticity. Key factors affecting hair include chemical treatments (e.g., perming, bleaching, permanent dye applications), UV radiation, mechanical stress, and biological elements [1]. One of the primary factors compromising hair's structural integrity is chemical treatments, which disrupt its moisture balance and cause damage to the cuticle layer. The degradation of the cuticle layer leads to hair becoming dull, rough, and prone to breakage [2]. Mechanical factors, such as excessive heat exposure from blow-drying, straightening, and curling, can also weaken hair’s natural structure, leading to breakage and loss of volume. Additionally, environmental factors, including air pollution, UV radiation, and seawater, can compromise hair’s structural integrity, resulting in damage [1]. At the molecular level, the chemical bonds in keratin, particularly disulfide bonds, weaken, reducing hair’s resilience. The review details methods to assess hair damage, focusing on protein carbonylation and microscopic analysis techniques. First, fluorescence spectroscopy under UV light is used to determine damage levels in hair. In this method, hair samples are exposed to UV light, and the emitted fluorescence is recorded. By measuring fluorescence intensity, the level of hair damage can be analyzed. Additionally, hair damage is evaluated by observing reflection differences in the first and second regions of emitted light [3]. Quantitative analysis methods focus on measuring the physical properties of hair. Parameters such as hair thickness, length, elasticity, and fragility are measured to determine the hair's durability. The break resistance test is particularly used to assess hair's mechanical integrity [1]. Microscopic examination techniques allow for a detailed observation of hair damage. Using electron microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), damages on the hair cuticle surface and structural changes in the cortex are analyzed. SEM provides a 3D view of cracks and fractures on the hair surface, allowing for a more accurate assessment of damage levels [4]. Protein carbonylation measurement analyzes structural changes in hair proteins resulting from oxidative stress. Carbonylation levels increase in hair exposed to environmental factors such as UV light and air pollution. This method examines the impact of oxidative damage on hair proteins, illustrating how environmental stress affects hair [2]. Lastly, FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) analysis is used to detect chemical changes in hair fibers. After chemical treatments such as bleaching, FTIR measures surface deterioration, providing insights into structural changes. These methods offer a multi-faceted approach to evaluating hair damage in scientific assessments of hair health. Additionally, innovative care strategies, including keratin and protein-based treatments and antioxidant products, are discussed to enhance hair’s mechanical properties. These findings provide significant reference points for the development of hair care products, especially formulations aimed at repairing damaged hair [5]. This review is to examine the impacts of hair damage at chemical and mechanical levels and to investigate methods for repairing such damage. This study highlights the effectiveness of various techniques used to preserve hair health and their potential to help restore the structural integrity of hair.
