INTERNATIONAL 8th USBİLİM HEALTH, ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES CONGRESS
FUNDAMENTALS OF HAIR SCIENCE
Yayıncı:
Akademik Paylaşım Platformu Publishing House - APP Publications
Hair is an important factor that can affect social perception positively or negatively. It is effective on both physical and psychological levels, and changes in hair appearance can directly affect a person's self-esteem and mental state [1]. Hair science is a branch of science that offers detailed studies from the formation of hair to its biological characteristics and growth cycles. In this review, the biological structure of hair cells, growth phases (anagen, catagen, telogen) and genetic studies, which are the main determinants of hair science, are also discussed. Hair science, especially the analysis of hair growth cycles, sheds light on solution-oriented treatment and product developments for common processes such as hair spreading and dandruff. In addition, this science provides a basic source of information for the cosmetic dermatology and beauty industry [2]. Hair has a complex structure consisting of keratin proteins, melanin pigments and lipid layers. It consists of 65-95% protein, 1-9% lipid, 15-35% water and less than 1% minerals. Hair texture, color and composition vary from person to person. Different types of minerals accumulated in hair can vary between 0.25% and 0.95%. An adult has approximately 5 million hair follicles. Approximately 1 million of these hair follicles are located on the head [3]. Hair goes through three growth phases in its development process. The shape and size of the hair root change depending on these stages. These three growth phases, presented as anagen, catagen and telogen, will be discussed. In the anagen phase, the hair root is distributed by remaining attached to the root follicle and gains a flame-shaped appearance; this phase is maintained for up to 6 years. The catagen phase lasts 2-3 weeks and the hair continues to grow slowly during this period, while the root bulb shrinks and is pushed out of the hair follicle and gains a long appearance. Finally, in the telogen phase, hair loss stops, takes on a root-shaped appearance and the hair falls out naturally within 2-6 months. The physical and chemical properties of the hair, such as moisture balance, elasticity and durability, are determined by the signaling between the layers in the hair structure [4]. This review examines the biochemical properties of the hair structure, its aging, UV rays and chemical processes, and aims to provide an academic guide for the basic elements of hair science and the preservation of healthy hair.