EGE 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SCIENCES
PRODIGY COMPOUND OF HALOPHILIC BACTERIA: ECTOINE
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Academy Global Publishing House
Halophilic microorganisms exhibit an extraordinary ability to thrive in environments with low water activity, typically associated with high salt concentrations. Their survival in such extreme conditions largely depends on their adept regulation of turgor pressure. These organisms employ two distinct mechanisms to manage turgor pressure. The primary mechanism involves the internal accumulation of salts, predominantly potassium chloride (KCl), within the cell. This accumulation is vital for establishing osmotic equilibrium, effectively countering the salt stress exerted by the external environment. In parallel, the secondary mechanism involves the uptake of solutes that integrate seamlessly with cellular functions. These solutes can be absorbed from the external environment or synthesized de novo within the cell, ensuring compatibility with various cellular processes. Ectoine is one of the compounds synthesized de novo in response to salt stress and is the most extensively studied among them. This compound has been shown to effectively stabilize the structures of macromolecules such as DNA, proteins, and lipid bilayers. The stabilizing effects of ectoine result from a mechanism known as preferential exclusion. This process involves the exclusion of ectoine from the hydration layer surrounding the surface of macromolecules, leading to changes in the solvent structure around these macromolecules. The remarkable properties of ectoine have propelled it into the spotlight of numerous scientific investigations and have facilitated its application across diverse fields including cosmetics, medicine, and biotechnology. This review aimed to overview ectoine and its various application areas.
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