10.INTERNATIONAL GAP SUMMIT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONGRESS
DOMESTIC CATTLE PRESENCE OF TÜRKİYE BY YEARS
The aim of this study; The aim of this study is to reveal the change in the number of domestic breed cattle among the cattle owned by our country over the years. The number of culture breeds and crossbreeds has increased day by day since the first years of breeding cattle in our country. On the other hand, unfortunately, there has been a great decrease in the number of our native breeds. Especially after 2005, a great increase has been seen in the number of culture breed cattle. Our domestic cattle breeds have adapted to the harsh, mountainous and less rainy regions of our country. Since the male animals of our local breeds with high quality and breeding qualities were used in the fronts in the World War and many of them were sterilized for plowing in the field, breeding could not be done in these animals. Due to the decrease in their number day by day, protection herds were created by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. According to TUIK data, our total cattle stock in 1991 was 11.972.923 heads. These cattle consisted of 1.253.865 heads of cultures, 4.033.375 crosses and 6.685.683 mainly native breeds. In 1991, 10.47% of our cattle assets consisted of cultures, 33.69% of crossbreeds and 55.84% of domestic breeds. According to TUIK 2020 data, the number of cattle increased considerably compared to 1991 data, reached the highest level in the country's history and reached a total of 17.965.482. According to TUIK 2022 data, the number of cattle decreased very rapidly after the decrease in meat and milk prices after the covid pandemic process, increased costs, and decreased to 16.851.956 in total. As a result, in a very short period of time, our domestic cattle presence has decreased very rapidly, while the presence of culture breed and cross-breed cattle has increased rapidly. According to TUIK 2022 data, Turkey's cattle population consisted of 8.295.825 head cultures, 7.324.866 crosses and 1.231.265 mainly indigenous breeds. In 2022, 49.23% of our cattle assets consisted of cultures, 43.47% crossbreeds and 7.30% domestic breeds. As can be seen, there has been a great decrease in the number of domestic breed cattle. Our domestic cattle breeds have decreased so rapidly that protection and breeding programs have begun to be implemented. However, the conservation programs implemented by the state could not stop the decrease in the number of domestic cattle breeds.
