XVIII. MİMARLIKTA SAYISAL TASARIM ULUSAL SEMPOZYUMU
Documentation of Historical Wooden Building Components and Reproduction by CNC
Yayıncı:
Balıkesir Üniversitesi Yayınları
Cultural heritage elements are assets that showcase the collective memory and historical production of societies. The transmission of these assets to future generations holds significant societal importance and is recognized as an interdisciplinary field of study. In recent years, digital tools have become widely used in the documentation processes of cultural heritage (CH) elements due to their ability to enhance efficiency. While the dissemination and increased visibility of documented elements through digital platforms is common, the reproduction of these documented elements is also a critical area of focus. Wooden cultural heritage elements are particularly prone to deformation due to human intervention, natural events, and material degradation over time, posing a risk of their eventual loss. Consequently, documenting wooden heritage, creating their digital copies, and, when necessary, producing their physical replicas are essential for their preservation. This study presents a framework for the photogrammetry-based digital documentation of the wooden carved columns of Sivrihisar Ulu Mosque, an exemplary model with its intricate wooden carvings. The digital models are optimized for physical reproduction using digital methods, and the process of re-creating the columns using CNC tools is demonstrated. Sivrihisar Ulu Mosque, recognized for its inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List, stands out as one of the earliest examples of wooden-columned mosques in Anatolia and is notable for its well-preserved decorative details. The decreasing number of artisans and the loss of tacit knowledge make CNC methods significant in the reproduction of lost heritage. The study also emphasizes the importance of accessible methods in digital documentation. In this context, the three-dimensional models of the columns were created using the widely adopted photogrammetry technique. During the data processing stage, both the free software Blender and the industry-standard Geomagic Wrap software were utilized and compared. In the final stage, a production simulation was prepared using SprutCAM software for the columns' reproduction. Given the necessity of multi-faceted processing, a 6-axis Kuka KR200 robotic arm was chosen as the CNC production tool in the simulation. The conclusion discusses the adequacy of the chosen software and simulations. By documenting and re-producing the columns of Sivrihisar Ulu Mosque, this study contributes to the preservation of cultural heritage and highlights the potential of digital and CNC methods in overcoming the challenges posed by the decline of traditional craftsmanship.
