Kutadgu Bilig’de Zamanı Şikâyet Teması Lâmiyyetü’l-‘arab Ve Lâmiyyetü’l-‘acem İle Karşılaştırması
Kutadgu Bilig’de Zamanı Şikâyet Teması Lâmiyyetü’l-‘arab Ve Lâmiyyetü’l-‘acem İle Karşılaştırması

Yazarlar:
Yayın Yılı:
2019
Yayıncı:
Yazılışının 950. Yılı Anısına Uluslararası Kutadgu Bilig ve Türk Dünyası Sempozyumu
Dil:
Turkish
Disipline:
Edebiyat
Özet (AI):
Özet Zamandan şikâyet Türk, Arap ve İran edebiyatlarının ortak temalarından birisidir. Daha Cahiliyye döneminde yağmacı şairlerden Şenferâ (ö. M. 525-550 arası) 'nın Lâmiyetü'l-Arab adlı 68 beyitlik kasidesi zamanın kötülüğü, dostların vefasızlığı, yöneticilerin dirayetsizliği gibi konuları içeren ilk müstakil şiir kabul edilmektedir. İran asıllı şair Tuğrâî (ö. 515/1121) de Lâmiyetü'l-Acem adında bir şiir yazarak bu geleneği devam ettirir. Her iki şiir de meşhur olup, şerh, haşiye, zeyl ve tercüme türünde birçok çalışmanın konusunu oluşturur. Şenferâ ile Tuğrâî arasında bir köprü konumunda olan, Tuğrâî'nin çağdaşı diyebileceğimiz Yusuf Has Hacip (yaklaşık m. 1019-1085), Kutadgu Bilig adlı divanının sonuna eklediği, divanının içeriğinden bağımsız şiirinde (6565-6604. beyitler) zamandan şikâyet konusunu ele almıştır. Zamânenin bozukluğu ve dostların vefasızlığı adını taşıyan bu şiir içerik olarak Lâmiyetü'l-Arab ve Lâmiyetü'l-Acem ile büyük oranda benzerlik gösterir. Üç şiirde de zamanı şikâyet teması öne çıksa da asıl şikâyet edilen zaman değil, belirli bir zaman diliminde zamana bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan, ancak mecaz-ı aklî yoluyla zaman fail yapılarak, zamana nispet edilen vefasızlık, dostluk bağlarının zayıflığı, dini değerlere bağlılığın zayıflaması, insani erdemlerin ortadan kalkması, birlikte yaşama kültürünün zayıflaması nedeniyle toplumdan uzaklaşarak inzivaya çekilme arzusu gibi olgulardır. Kutadgu Bilig'in neredeyse tamamında sembolik dört kişinin şahsında adalet, dünya saadeti, akıl ve ahiret mutluluğu anlatılırken, Yusuf Has Hacib'in kitabını, umutsuzluk ve sürekli bir arayış arasında gidip geldiği zamandan şikâyet başlıklı bu 39 beyitlik şiirle sonlandırması, onun zamandan ve zamanın beraberinde getireceği şeylerden ümidini kestiğinin bir göstergesidir. Kutadgu Bilig'de zamanı şikâyet teması genel olarak insanların vefasızlığını ve cefakârlığını şikâyet, dost ve ahbabı şikâyet, akrabayı şikâyet, hâkim, yasa ve yöneticileri şikâyet, örf, adet ve töreleri şikâyet, halk içinde yalnızlıktan şikâyet, şairin kendi kusur ve eksikliklerini şikâyet ve felsefî şikâyet şeklinde ortaya çıkar. Lâmiyetü'l-Arab, yazıldığı 858 Yazılışının 950.Yılı Anısına Uluslararası Kutadgu Bilig ve Türk Dünyası Sempozyumu dönemdeki Arap toplumunun, Lâmiyetü'l-Acem geniş manada Arap olmayan halkların, Yusuf Has Hacib'in şiiri ise Türk toplumunun eleştirisidir. Anahtar kelimeler: Şikâyet, zamanı şikâyet, Lâmiyyetü'l-Arab, Kutadgu Bilig, Lâmiyyetü'l-Acem Time Complaint Theme in Kutadgu Bilig and its Comparison With Lâmiyat al-Arab and Lâmiyat al-Acem Abstract Complaint of time is one of the common themes of Turkish, Arab and Iranian literature. In the Jahiliyya period, the looter poet al-Shanfara (d. 525-550)'s poem which is called Lâmiyat al-Arab and consists of 68 couplets are accepted as the first individual poems that include the complaint of time, the disloyalty of friends and the incapacity of the rulers. Iranian poet Tughrâî (d. 515/1121) continues this tradition by writing a poem called Lâmiyat al-Ajam. Both poems are famous and constitute the subject of many studies such as commentary, hashiye, zeyl and translation. Yusuf Has Hacip (ca. 1019-1085), who could be called the contemporary of Tughrâî, a bridge between al-Shanfara and Tughrâî, discussed the issue of time complaint in his independent poem (6565-6604 couplets) which he added to the end of his Divan called Kutadgu Bilig. This poem, which is called the disorder of time and the disloyalty of friends, shows a great similarity to the content of Lâmiyat al-'Arab and Lâmiyet al-'Ajam. Even though the theme of time complaint comes to the fore in all three poems, the main complaint is not the time being complained, but through the time-complaint metaphor, the weakness of friendship ties, the devotion to religious values, the weakness of religious bonds the disappearance of virtues and the desire to withdraw from the society by seclusion due to the weakening of the culture of living together. In almost all of Kutadgu Bilig, the symbolic figures of four people talk about justice, world happiness, mind and eternal happiness, the fact that Yusuf Has Hacib ended his book with this 39 couplet poem titled Complaining of Time, which he alternates between despair and a constant search, is an indication that he has given up hope for time and the things that time will bring with him. In Kutadgu Bilig, the theme of complaining about time is generally occures in the form of complaining about the unfaithfulness and frustration of people, the complaining from friends and buddies, complaining from relatives, complaining from judges, laws and administrators, comlaining from customs and rituals, complainin from loneliness in the public, complaining from poet's own flaws and shortcomings and complaining as a philosophical idea. Lâmiyat al-859 Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Çağdaş Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları Bölümü 'Arab is the critique of the Arab society at the time it was written, Lâmiyat al-'Ajam is the critique of non-Arab peoples in a broad sense, and the poetry of Yusuf Has Hacip is the critique of Turkish society. Giriş Tebliğimizde zamanı şikâyet açısından şiirlerini karşılaştıracağım üç şairden ilki Şenferâ olup, Arap şiirinin zirvesi kabul edilen cahiliye döneminde yaşamış, şiiri hüsnü kabul görmüş yağmacı bir şairdir. Diğer ikisi zaman bakımından birbirine çok yakındır. Yusuf Has Hacib Karahanlılar döneminde yaşamış (1017-1085?) bir Türk şairdir. Tuğrâî ise Selçuklular döneminde İran, Bağdat ve Selçuklu toprakları arasında ömrü dolaşmakla geçmiş İran asıllı bir şairdir. Bu dönem Arap şiirinin klasik konuları olan gazel, övme, övünme ve yermenin yanı sıra bu dönemde yeni konular da edebiyata girmiştir. Bu konuları şöyle sıralayabiliriz: 1. Eğitim amaçlı didaktik şiir: Çeşitli ilimlerde telif edilen usulle ilgili şiirler. Feraiz, nahiv (İbn Malik'in elfiyesi), İbnü'l-Mutez'in Urcuzesi (Halife Mutazıd'ın hayatı) vb. 2. Felsefi şiir. Bu bağlamda Ebu'l-'Alâ el-Ma'arrî felsefeyi şiire girdiren, şiiri felsefeleştiren şair olarak bilinir. Ondan sonra da bu akım artarak devam etmiştir. 3. Eğlence, ahlaksızlık ve şarap tasviri. 4. Tasavvuf akımların güçlenmesi ve buna bağlı olarak züht hayatı, uzlet, inzivaya çekilme, insanlardan ve dünya nimetlerinden uzaklaşma konulu şiirlerin artması. 5. Zamanı şikâyet.

I Am In The Midst Of The Covenant, And I Am In The Midst Of The Covenant, And I Am In The Midst Of The Covenant.
The Theme Of Complaining About Time In Kutadgu Bi̇lig And Its Comparison With Lâmi̇yyetü'l-'arab And Lâmi̇yyetü'l-'acem (AI)

Yazarlar:
Yayın Yılı:
2019
Yayıncı:
Yazılışının 950. Yılı Anısına Uluslararası Kutadgu Bilig ve Türk Dünyası Sempozyumu
Dil:
Turkish
Disiplin:
Özet:
(AI):
From time to time, complaint is one of the common topics of Turkish, Arab and Iranian literature.More than a poem in the time of unknowledge.525-550) 's Laminity'l-arab' 68 is the first special poem that includes topics such as time evil, friends' unfathomity, managers' irresistibility.The poet is the poet (the poet).In 515/1121, he continues this tradition by writing a poem called Laminity’l-acem.Both poems are well-known, and are the subject of many works in the genre of sherh, haxiya, zeil and translation.In his poem, which is located on a bridge between shenferâ and tuğrâî, which we can call the contemporary of tuğrâi (about 1019-1085), he added to the end of the divan called kutadgu bilig, independent of the contents of the divan (6565-6604).He has been complaining over time.This poem, which has the name of the disorder of time and the unfaithfulness of friends, is much similar to the Laminity’l-arab and Laminity’l-acem as content.In the three poems, the theme of the time appears, but not the actual time that is complainted, but in a certain period of time, which occurs depending on time, but the temptation is mentally failed, the time-related misconduct, the weakness of friendship bonds, the weakness of commitment to religious values, the disappearance of human virtues, the desire to be withdrawn from society due to the weakness of the culture of living together.In the person of almost all the symbolic four persons of kutadgu bilig, justice, world prayer, mind, and the happiness of the Hereafter are told, while the book of Yusuf has hacib is an indicator of the fact that the end of the book with this 39 poems of beacon with the title of complaint from the time of disappointment and continuous search, is a sign of the fact that he has cut his hope of what time and time will bring with him.The theme of time complaint in kutadgu bilig generally appears in the form of complaint of people's immaculate and deficity, friend and grandfather complaint, relatives complaint, judges, law and administrators complaint, orf, orders and ceremonies complaint, complaint of loneliness in the public, the poet's own defects and deficiencies appears in the form of complaint and philosophical complaint.Lâmiyetü’l-arab, the 950th anniversary of the 858th writing in which it was written, is the criticism of the Arab society in the period of international holiness and the symposium of the Turkish world, the poem of the non-Arab peoples in Lâmiyetü’l-acem widespread man, and the poem of Yusuf has hacib is the criticism of the Turkish society.Keywords: complaint, time complaint, lâmiyyetü'l-arab, kutadgu bilig, lâmiyyetü'l-acem time complaint theme in kutadgu bilig and its comparison with lâmiyat al-arab and lâmiyat al-acem abstract complaint of time is one of the common themes of Turkish, Arab and Iranian literature.In the jahiliyya period, the looter poet al-shanfara (d.525-550)'s poem which is called lâmiyat al-arab and consists of 68 couplets are accepted as the first individual poems that include the complaint of time, the disloyalty of friends and the incapacity of the rulers.The Iranian Poet (d.515/1121) continues this tradition by writing a poem called lâmiyat al-ajam.Both poems are famous and constitute the subject of many studies such as commentary, hashiye, zeyl and translation.Yusuf has hacip (ca.1019-1085), who could be called the contemporary of tughrâî, a bridge between al-shanfara and tughrâî, discussed the issue of time complaint in his independent poem (6565-6604 couplets) which he added to the end of his divan called kutadgu bilig.This poem, which is called the disorder of time and the disloyalty of friends, shows a great similarity to the content of lâmiyat al-'arab and lâmiyet al-'ajam.Even though the theme of time complaint comes to the fore in all three poems, the main complaint is not the time being complained, but through the time-complaint metaphor, the weakness of friendship ties, the devotion to religious values, the weakness of religious bonds the disappearance of virtues and the desire to withdraw from the society by seclusion due to the weakening of the culture of living together.In almost all of the holy knowledge, the symbolic figures of four people talk about justice, world happiness, mind and eternal happiness, the fact that Yusuf has hacib ended his book with this 39 couplet poem titled complaining of time, which he alternates between despair and a constant search, is an indication that he has given up hope for time and the things that time will bring with him.The theme of complaining about time is generally occurs in the form of complaining about the unfaithfulness and frustration of people, the complaining from friends and friends, complaining from relatives, complaining from judges, laws and administrators, complaining from customs and rituals, complaining from loneliness in the public, complaining from poet's own flaws and shortcomings and complaining as a philosophical idea.Lâmiyat al-859 Ankara Hajj Bayram Veli University Department of Contemporary Turkish Literature and Literature 'Arab is the critic of the Arab society at the time it was wFrom time to time, complaint is one of the common topics of Turkish, Arab and Iranian literature.More than a poem in the time of unknowledge.525-550) 's Laminity'l-arab' 68 is the first special poem that includes topics such as time evil, friends' unfathomity, managers' irresistibility.The poet is the poet (the poet).In 515/1121, he continues this tradition by writing a poem called Laminity’l-acem.Both poems are well-known, and are the subject of many works in the genre of sherh, haxiya, zeil and translation.In his poem, which is located on a bridge between shenferâ and tuğrâî, which we can call the contemporary of tuğrâi (about 1019-1085), he added to the end of the divan called kutadgu bilig, independent of the contents of the divan (6565-6604).He has been complaining over time.This poem, which has the name of the disorder of time and the unfaithfulness of friends, is much similar to the Laminity’l-arab and Laminity’l-acem as content.In the three poems, the theme of the time appears, but not the actual time that is complainted, but in a certain period of time, which occurs depending on time, but the temptation is mentally failed, the time-related misconduct, the weakness of friendship bonds, the weakness of commitment to religious values, the disappearance of human virtues, the desire to be withdrawn from society due to the weakness of the culture of living together.In the person of almost all the symbolic four persons of kutadgu bilig, justice, world prayer, mind, and the happiness of the Hereafter are told, while the book of Yusuf has hacib is an indicator of the fact that the end of the book with this 39 poems of beacon with the title of complaint from the time of disappointment and continuous search, is a sign of the fact that he has cut his hope of what time and time will bring with him.The theme of time complaint in kutadgu bilig generally appears in the form of complaint of people's immaculate and deficity, friend and grandfather complaint, relatives complaint, judges, law and administrators complaint, orf, orders and ceremonies complaint, complaint of loneliness in the public, the poet's own defects and deficiencies appears in the form of complaint and philosophical complaint.Lâmiyetü’l-arab, the 950th anniversary of the 858th writing in which it was written, is the criticism of the Arab society in the period of international holiness and the symposium of the Turkish world, the poem of the non-Arab peoples in Lâmiyetü’l-acem widespread man, and the poem of Yusuf has hacib is the criticism of the Turkish society.Keywords: complaint, time complaint, lâmiyyetü'l-arab, kutadgu bilig, lâmiyyetü'l-acem time complaint theme in kutadgu bilig and its comparison with lâmiyat al-arab and lâmiyat al-acem abstract complaint of time is one of the common themes of Turkish, Arab and Iranian literature.In the jahiliyya period, the looter poet al-shanfara (d.525-550)'s poem which is called lâmiyat al-arab and consists of 68 couplets are accepted as the first individual poems that include the complaint of time, the disloyalty of friends and the incapacity of the rulers.The Iranian Poet (d.515/1121) continues this tradition by writing a poem called lâmiyat al-ajam.Both poems are famous and constitute the subject of many studies such as commentary, hashiye, zeyl and translation.Yusuf has hacip (ca.1019-1085), who could be called the contemporary of tughrâî, a bridge between al-shanfara and tughrâî, discussed the issue of time complaint in his independent poem (6565-6604 couplets) which he added to the end of his divan called kutadgu bilig.This poem, which is called the disorder of time and the disloyalty of friends, shows a great similarity to the content of lâmiyat al-'arab and lâmiyet al-'ajam.Even though the theme of time complaint comes to the fore in all three poems, the main complaint is not the time being complained, but through the time-complaint metaphor, the weakness of friendship ties, the devotion to religious values, the weakness of religious bonds the disappearance of virtues and the desire to withdraw from the society by seclusion due to the weakening of the culture of living together.In almost all of the holy knowledge, the symbolic figures of four people talk about justice, world happiness, mind and eternal happiness, the fact that Yusuf has hacib ended his book with this 39 couplet poem titled complaining of time, which he alternates between despair and a constant search, is an indication that he has given up hope for time and the things that time will bring with him.The theme of complaining about time is generally occurs in the form of complaining about the unfaithfulness and frustration of people, the complaining from friends and friends, complaining from relatives, complaining from judges, laws and administrators, complaining from customs and rituals, complaining from loneliness in the public, complaining from poet's own flaws and shortcomings and complaining as a philosophical idea.Lâmiyat al-859 Ankara Hajj Bayram Veli University Department of Contemporary Turkish Literature and Literature 'Arab is the critic of the Arab society at the time it was w