3. Uluslararası Tarım, Hayvancılık Ve Kırsal Kalkınma Kongresi
Bitki İzleme Teknikleri İle Pamukta Bitki Gelişiminin İncelenmesi

Yayın Yılı:
2019
Yayıncı:
ISPEC Yayınevi
Dil:
Turkish
ISBN:
978-605-7811-43-1
Disipline:
Yaşam Bilimleri
Konu:
Microbiology
Özet (AI):
Bu çalışma bitki izleme tekniklerinden yararlanarak pamukta bitki gelişimini takip etmek amacıyla Güneydoğu Anadolu Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü deneme alanlarında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Denemede materyal olarak GW-Teks pamuk çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada bitkilere ideal gelişme, yetersiz gelişme ve aşırı gelişme koşulları sağlanmış ve 7 hafta süresince bitki gelişimi takip edilmiştir. İdeal gelişme parsellerine önerilen normal su ve gübre düzeyi uygulanırken, yetersiz gelişme (stres) parsellerine su ve azotlu gübre 1/2 oranında azaltılarak uygulanmış, aşırı gelişme parsellerine ise su ve azotlu gübre 1/2 ilaveli olarak uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada bitki izleme parametrelerinden bitki boyu, bitkide boğum sayısı, boy/nod oranı, 1. pozisyon en üst beyaz çiçek üzeri boğum sayısı (NAWF değeri), en üst 5 boğum uzunluğu (L5N), en üst 5 meyve dalında 1. pozisyon meyve tutumu, en üst 5 meyve dalında 1. pozisyon koza tutumu incelenmiştir. Gözlemler bitkinin çiçeklenme döneminden itibaren 7 hafta süresince (10,17, 24, 31 Temmuz,7,14, 21 Ağustos) alınmıştır. Çalışmada ideal ve aşırı gelişme koşullarının benzer değerler gösterdiği, stres koşullarında ise daha düşük değerlerin elde edildiği görülmüştür. İdeal ve aşırı gelişme koşullarında bitki boyu, bitkide boğum sayısı ve boy/nod oranında 3. haftadan itibaren (24 Temmuz) artış olduğu, NAWF değerinin ve en üst 5 boğum uzunluğu (L5N) değerinin 4. haftadan itibaren (31 Temmuz) azaldığı görülmüştür. En üst 5 meyve dalında 1. pozisyon meyve tutumu 3. haftadan (24 Temmuz) sonra azalırken, en üst 5 meyve dalında 1. pozisyon koza tutumu ise 3. haftadan sonra artış göstermiştir. Çalışmada su ve gübre uygulamalarının bitkide 3. haftaya (24 Temmuz) kadar olan bitki gelişimini önemli düzeyde etkilediği görülmüştür. Farklı çeşitlerle bitki izleme tekniklerinden yararlanarak daha ISPEC INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL SCIENCE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT-III www.ispecongress.org 712 Dec. 20-22, 2019 -Van, Turkey detaylı çalışmaların yapılması ve özellikle çevresel streslerden kaynaklanan tarak ve koza dökümünün yakından takip edilmesinde önemli katkı sağlayacağı sonucuna varılmıştır. ABSTRACT This study was carried out with objective to follow cotton development by using plant monitoring techniques. The research was conducted at GAP international Agricultural Research and Training Center's experimental field as Completely Randomized Block Design with four replications. GW Tex cotton variety was used as material. In the study plants grown under limited, ideal, and excessive growing conditions depends on water (irrigation) and fertilizer amounts. While the ideal water and fertilizer levels were applied to the ideal development plots, the limited (stress) plots were applied by reducing the water and nitrogen fertilizer by 1/2 ratio, and the excess development plots were applied with the addition of water and nitrogen fertilizer by 1/2. In the study plant monitoring parameters such as plant height, node number per plant, height/node ratio, nodes above white flower (NAWF), length of upper 5 node (L5N), number of first position fruit retention on the upper 5 sympodial branch, number of first position bolls on the upper 5 sympodial branch and chlorophyll content (SPAD reading) were examined. The observations were taken at flowering stage and lasted during 7 weeks (10, 17, 24, 31 July, 7, 14, 21 August). In the study, it was seen that ideal and excessive development conditions showed similar values and lower values were obtained under limited conditions. Under ideal and excessive growth conditions, plant height, node number per plant and height/nod ratio of the plant increased from the 3rd week (24th July) and the NAWF value and the top 5 node length (L5N) values decreased from the 4th week (31 July). The number of first position fruit retention on the upper 5 sympodial branch decreased after 3. weeks (24 July), while number of first position bolls on the upper 5 sympodial branch increased from 3. weeks. In the study it was seen that irrigation and fertilizer application significantly affected plant development until 3th weeks. According to results of ISPEC GİRİŞ Bitki izleme teknikleri üreticiye, erken dönemde, vegetatif gelişmeyi artıran veya azaltan uygulamaları (örneğin sulama veya azot rejiminin değiştirilmesi, bitki büyüme düzenleyicilerinin kullanımı, v.b. gibi) gerçekleştirmede fikir verir. Üretici genellikle bitkide meydana gelen renk değişimi, solgunluk, yapraklarda renk koyulaşması, pörsüme gibi belirtilere göre sulama yapmaktadır. Bu durum, çoğunlukla bitkide dengesiz gelişmeye ve kimi olumsuzluklara neden olmaktadır. Aşırı gübre ve su uygulanan bitkiler vejetatif olarak hızlı gelişerek, hasat döneminde yeterli olgunluğa gelememekte, bu dönemde vejetatif gelişimini devam ettirmektedir. Bu nedenle de generatif gelişimini tamamlayamamakta ve bunu verime yeterince yansıtamamaktadır. Olumsuz iklim koşulları ve hasat öncesi erken gelen sonbahar yağışlarından da olumsuz etkilenebilmektedir. Yetersiz sulama ve gübrelemenin yapılması ise bitkinin hem vejetatif hem de generatif yönden yeterince gelişememesine neden olmakta ve bitki büyüme süresini hızlandırarak bu dönemi sonlandırmaya çalışmaktadır. Bu nedenle dengeli sulama ve gübreleme bitkinin sağlıklı gelişimi ve istenilen verim ve kalite düzeyine ulaşımı açısından önem arz etmektedir. Dünyada, pamuk için bitki izlemede kullanılan parametrelerin belirlenmesine yönelik birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. ABD ve Avustralya gibi gelişmiş ülkelerde pamuk tarımında bu uygulamalar pratiğe aktarılmış olup, bu amaçla; COTMAN, PMAP, Cottonpro, UA-CMS gibi birçok bilgisayar destekli veri tabanı hazırlanmış ve kullanıma aktarılmıştır (Oosterhuis ve ark., 2008; Oosterhuis ve Kerby, 2008). Günümüzde bunlar üreticiler tarafından yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, bu çalışmalardan elde edilen veriler, yetiştirme bölgelerine ve pamuk çeşitlerine göre değişebilmektedir. Silvertooth, 1999, pamukta gübreleme ve sulama gibi kültürel uygulamalarda farklı bitki izleme tekniklerinden faydalanılabileceğini, bu izleme tekniklerinden en önemlilerinin 1. pozisyon en üst beyaz çiçek üzerindeki boğum sayısı (NAWF) ve bitki boy/nod oranı gibi bitkisel karakterler olduğunu bildirirken, Bourland ve ark., 1992, pamuk bitkisinde ana gövde üzerinde bulunan boğum sayısının pamuk bitkisinin ISPEC INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL SCIENCE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT-III www.ispecongress.org 714 Dec. 20-22, 2019 -Van, Turkey gelişme durumunu değerlendirmede en basit ve kolay bir yöntem olarak kullanılabileceğini önermişlerdir. Albers, 1993, bitki izleme ve bitki haritalama ölçümlerinde ilk meyve dalı boğum sayısı, boy/nod oranı, meyve tutumu, beyaz çiçek üzeri boğum sayısı (Nodes Above White Flower = NAWF), çatlamış koza üzeri boğum sayısı (Nodes Above Cracked Boll = NACB) değerlerinin alınabileceğini, boy/nod oranının bitkinin gelişme gücünü gösterdiğini, bu oranın bitkinin karşılaştığı stresin bir göstergesi olduğunu, boğum (nod) sayısının bitkinin yaşını, bitki boyunun da stresin miktarının göstergesi olduğunu belirtmiştir. Kerby ve Hake, 1996, NAWF değerinin bitkide stres birikiminin bir göstergesi olduğunu, stresin bir çok durumda su yetersizliğinden kaynaklandığını, çiçeklenme başlangıcından sonra bitki gelişimindeki dengeyi gösterme açısından NAWF değerinin HNR (Boy/nod oranı)' den daha güvenilir bir gösterge olduğunu bildirmişlerdir. Bitki boyu, ilk meyve dalı boğum sayısı, ana gövdede boğum sayısı, çiçeklenme öncesi ilk pozisyonda döküm oranı, NAWF değeri, boy/nod oranı, vegetatif büyüme gücü ve bitki yaprak alanı indeksi gibi bitkisel karakterlerin, bitki izleme teknikleri açısından önemli olduğu bildirilmektedir (Marois ve ark., 2004). Cotman programının pamuğun gelişiminin izlenmesinde kullanıldığı ve bu programın SQUAREMAN ve BOLLMAN adında iki bileşenden oluştuğu, SQUAREMAN'in tarak tutumu ve oranını, dökülen tarak sayısı ile tutan tarak sayısı bakımından kıyaslamasını yaptığını, bitkinin gelişme gücünü ve boğum (nod) gelişimini özetlediğini, BOLLMAN'ın ilk beyaz çiçek üzeri boğum sayısı (NAWF) değerini kullandığını, bitki izlemenin ilk çiçeklenme döneminden son etkili çiçeklenme dönemine kadar yapıldığını, bu dönemin fizyolojik olgunluk dönemi olan NAWF=5'e kadar olan süreç olduğunu (Cochran ve ark., 1997) bildirmişlerdir. Bu çalışma ile sulama suyu ve gübre miktarına bağlı kısıntılı, ideal ve aşırı gelişme koşulları sağlanarak; bitkinin içinde bulunduğu bu koşulların, bitki izleme teknikleri ile belirlenmesi, bitkisel karakterlerle ilişkilendirilmesi, optimum bitki yönetimi için bu verilerin kullanılması ve elde edilen sonuçların pratikte yaygınlaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

3rd International Congress Of Agriculture, Animal And Mineral Development
I Have To Do This With The Help Of The Technicians, And I Have To Do This With The Help Of The Technicians, And I Have To Do This With The Help Of The Technicians.

Yayın Yılı:
2019
Yayıncı:
ISPEC Yayınevi
Dil:
Turkish
ISBN:
978-605-7811-43-1
Disiplin:
Microbiology
Konu:
Microbiology
Özet:
(AI):
This study has been conducted 4 times by random blocks in the experimental fields of the Southeast Anatolian Agricultural Research Institute in order to track the development of cotton plant using plant monitoring techniques.In the trial material was used gw-teks cotton variety.The study provided the plants with ideal development, insufficient development and over-development conditions and followed the development of the plants for 7 weeks.The recommended normal water and fertilizer level is applied to the deal development parcel, while the insufficient development (stress) parcel is applied by reducing water and nitrogen fertilizer by 1/2 and the over-deal parcel is applied as water and nitrogen fertilizer by 1/2 extra.In the study, from the plant monitoring parameters, the length of the plant, the number of holes in the plant, the size/nod ratio, the number of holes over the top white flower (nawf value), the top 5 holes length (l5n), the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruitThe observations were taken for 7 weeks from the flower period of the plant (10,17, 24, 31 July, 7,14, 21 August).The study found that ideal and excess development conditions showed similar values, while lower values were achieved in stress conditions.It has been observed that the plant length, the number of bulbs in the plant and the size/nod ratio increased from the 3rd week (24 July), the nawf value and the maximum 5 bulbs length (l5n) value decreased from the 4th week (31 July).In the top 5 fruit branches, the 1st position fruit attitude decreases after the 3rd week (24 July), while in the top 5 fruit branches, the 1st position cottage attitude increases after the 3rd week.The study found that the application of water and fertilizer significantly affected plant development until the third week (24 July) in the plant.The use of plant monitoring techniques with different varieties has concluded that more ispec international conference on agriculture, animal science and rural development-iii www.ispecongress.org 712 dec. 20-22, 2019 -van, Turkey will make a significant contribution to the conduct of detailed studies and the closely monitoring of the cracks and cracks that are caused by environmental stress.abstract this study was carried out with the objective to follow cotton development by using plant monitoring techniques.the research was conducted at gap international agricultural research and training center's experimental field as completely randomized block design with four replications.The tex cotton variety was used as material.in the study plants grown under limited, ideal, and excessive growing conditions depends on water (irrigation) and fertilizer amounts.while the ideal water and fertilizer levels were applied to the ideal development plots, the limited (stress) plots were applied by reducing the water and nitrogen fertilizer by 1/2 ratio, and the excess development plots were applied with the addition of water and nitrogen fertilizer by 1/2.in the study plant monitoring parameters such as plant height, node number per plant, height/node ratio, nodes above white flower (nawf), length of upper 5 node (l5n), number of first position fruit retention on the upper 5 sympodial branch, number of first position bolls on the upper 5 sympodial branch and chlorophyll content (spad reading) were examined.the observations were taken at flowering stage and lasted during 7 weeks (10, 17, 24, 31 July, 7, 14, 21 August).In the study, it was seen that ideal and excessive development conditions showed similar values and lower values were obtained under limited conditions.under ideal and excessive growth conditions, plant height, node number per plant and height/nod ratio of the plant increased from the 3rd week (24th July) and the nawf value and the top 5 node length (l5n) values decreased from the 4th week (31th July).the number of first position fruit retention on the upper 5 sympodial branch decreased after 3 weeks (24 July), while the number of first position bolls on the upper 5 sympodial branch increased from 3 weeks.in the study it was seen that irrigation and fertilizer application significantly affected plant development until 3th weeks.According to the results of ispec, plant monitoring techniques to the producer, in the early period, applications that increase or decrease vegetative development (e.g. irrigation or change of nitrogen regime, use of plant growth regulators, etc. It gives an idea of realization.The producer usually waters according to signs such as the color change occurring in the plant, flushing, coloring in the leaves, pursuit.This condition often causes unbalanced development in the plant and some negative effects.Excess fertilizer and water applied plants grow vegetatively rapidly, fail to get sufficient maturity during the harvest period, continuing their vegetative development during this period.Therefore, it is not able to complete its generative development and it is not able to reflect it sufficiently on the output.Negative climate conditions and harvestThis study has been conducted 4 times by random blocks in the experimental fields of the Southeast Anatolian Agricultural Research Institute in order to track the development of cotton plant using plant monitoring techniques.In the trial material was used gw-teks cotton variety.The study provided the plants with ideal development, insufficient development and over-development conditions and followed the development of the plants for 7 weeks.The recommended normal water and fertilizer level is applied to the deal development parcel, while the insufficient development (stress) parcel is applied by reducing water and nitrogen fertilizer by 1/2 and the over-deal parcel is applied as water and nitrogen fertilizer by 1/2 extra.In the study, from the plant monitoring parameters, the length of the plant, the number of holes in the plant, the size/nod ratio, the number of holes over the top white flower (nawf value), the top 5 holes length (l5n), the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruit branches, the top 5 fruitThe observations were taken for 7 weeks from the flower period of the plant (10,17, 24, 31 July, 7,14, 21 August).The study found that ideal and excess development conditions showed similar values, while lower values were achieved in stress conditions.It has been observed that the plant length, the number of bulbs in the plant and the size/nod ratio increased from the 3rd week (24 July), the nawf value and the maximum 5 bulbs length (l5n) value decreased from the 4th week (31 July).In the top 5 fruit branches, the 1st position fruit attitude decreases after the 3rd week (24 July), while in the top 5 fruit branches, the 1st position cottage attitude increases after the 3rd week.The study found that the application of water and fertilizer significantly affected plant development until the third week (24 July) in the plant.The use of plant monitoring techniques with different varieties has concluded that more ispec international conference on agriculture, animal science and rural development-iii www.ispecongress.org 712 dec. 20-22, 2019 -van, Turkey will make a significant contribution to the conduct of detailed studies and the closely monitoring of the cracks and cracks that are caused by environmental stress.abstract this study was carried out with the objective to follow cotton development by using plant monitoring techniques.the research was conducted at gap international agricultural research and training center's experimental field as completely randomized block design with four replications.The tex cotton variety was used as material.in the study plants grown under limited, ideal, and excessive growing conditions depends on water (irrigation) and fertilizer amounts.while the ideal water and fertilizer levels were applied to the ideal development plots, the limited (stress) plots were applied by reducing the water and nitrogen fertilizer by 1/2 ratio, and the excess development plots were applied with the addition of water and nitrogen fertilizer by 1/2.in the study plant monitoring parameters such as plant height, node number per plant, height/node ratio, nodes above white flower (nawf), length of upper 5 node (l5n), number of first position fruit retention on the upper 5 sympodial branch, number of first position bolls on the upper 5 sympodial branch and chlorophyll content (spad reading) were examined.the observations were taken at flowering stage and lasted during 7 weeks (10, 17, 24, 31 July, 7, 14, 21 August).In the study, it was seen that ideal and excessive development conditions showed similar values and lower values were obtained under limited conditions.under ideal and excessive growth conditions, plant height, node number per plant and height/nod ratio of the plant increased from the 3rd week (24th July) and the nawf value and the top 5 node length (l5n) values decreased from the 4th week (31th July).the number of first position fruit retention on the upper 5 sympodial branch decreased after 3 weeks (24 July), while the number of first position bolls on the upper 5 sympodial branch increased from 3 weeks.in the study it was seen that irrigation and fertilizer application significantly affected plant development until 3th weeks.According to the results of ispec, plant monitoring techniques to the producer, in the early period, applications that increase or decrease vegetative development (e.g. irrigation or change of nitrogen regime, use of plant growth regulators, etc. It gives an idea of realization.The producer usually waters according to signs such as the color change occurring in the plant, flushing, coloring in the leaves, pursuit.This condition often causes unbalanced development in the plant and some negative effects.Excess fertilizer and water applied plants grow vegetatively rapidly, fail to get sufficient maturity during the harvest period, continuing their vegetative development during this period.Therefore, it is not able to complete its generative development and it is not able to reflect it sufficiently on the output.Negative climate conditions and harvest