6. INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON CONTEMPORARY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF URINE POLLUTED ENVIRONMENTS IN JOSEPH SARWUAN TARKA UNIVERSITY, MAKURDI
Yazarlar:
Igene MOSES
Monday
UBOGU
Background:A urine deposition in most Nigerian universities usually go on unchecked and has constituted a serious menace to human health and the environmental ecosystem. This study became necessary to particularly investigate the bacterial contaminants in urine polluted environments of Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi. Seven (7) urine samples were collected and analysed using serial dilution and pour plating techniques. Nutrient agar was used for the isolation, (7) samples including a general control were collected from three (3) different sites in the University environment; each of the sites had two (2) samples and one (1) general control. The sample collection sites included the North core, the South core and the Middle core axes of the university. The mean bacterial count for the north core samples location was 83.25+63.98b , South core had the mean bacterial count of 79.50+27.38b whereas the middle core and the general control had the mean counts of 77.25+51.87b and 91.23+5.00a respectively. The bacteria isolated from these urine polluted environments and their percentage prevalence rates include; Escherichia coli 4(21.04%), Enterobacter spp 5(26.31%), Klebsiella spp 3(15.78%), Salmonella spp 4(19.78%), Staphylococcus spp 3(15.78%). The predominant bacteria isolated were Enterobacter spp and Escherichia coli, whereas the least isolated bacteria were Klebsiella spp and Staphylococcus spp. Samples from the south core location of the school, generally had the highest bacterial isolates. In this study, the public health implications of indiscriminate urination in the public environments especially in the university environment of Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi have been elucidated. It has also been observed that, one of the leading rationales behind the indiscriminate urination in the environments could be as a result of overstretched facilities.Methods:Urine polluted soil samples used in this study were collected from three different locations (North Core, Middle Core and South Core) in Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi. The sites used were the undesignated areas for urine discharge. The sites are the soil areas noted for frequent urine discharge, while a meter away (not used for urine discharge) was chosen as the control.Sample Collection:A total of 7 samples including a general control were collected from the urine soil polluted sites (2 samples each from 3 sites) and a control soil site was collected from the topsoil respectively. Sample collection sites were behind Aper Aku Auditorium, North Core (Sample A), Old Engineering Complex, Middle Core (Sample B) and behind Academic Block B, South Core (Sample C). Samples from contaminated soils and control area (Sample D) were collected in separate sterile polythene bags, which were sealed respectively and were appropriately labelled (A-D) before they were transferred to the general-purpose biology Laboratory of (JOSTUM) for immediate analysis.Results:Seven urine samples including a general control from urine polluted environments of Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, were analysed for bacterial contaminants and the bacteria isolated were; Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp, Enterobacter spp, and Salmonella spp.The mean bacterial counts from the different sample locations are enumerated in table 2.0, the total mean bacterial count from the Middle Core sample location was 77.25+51.87b having the least bacterial contaminants whereas the general control had the highest contamination with the total mean bacterial counts of 91.23+5.00a , the North Core sample location had the mean counts of 83.25+63.98b being the next most contaminated sample, with the South Core having the mean counts of 79.50+27.38b . The control sample location had the following bacterial isolates; Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp, Staphylococcus spp and Klebsiella spp, the North Core sample location was characterized by bacterial isolates of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp and Klebsiella spp, with the Middle Core and South Core sample locations being characterized by Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp and Staphylococcus spp.Conclusion: This study reveals that the urine contaminated environments of Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, habour pathogenic organisms. It is greatly difficult to create an environment completely hostile to all bacteria in order to prevent infections. However, it is very important and possible to mitigate or eliminate as much of the pathogenic bacteria as possible by using careful cleaning procedures. When a certain bacterium evolves into an extremely dangerous form or there is a prevalence of an infection among the students grouped in such close quarters-sharing the same fountains, the same toilets, and the same showers the entire community can be infected.
