25.ULUSLARARASI ORTAÇAĞ VE TÜRK DÖNEMİ KAZILARI VE SANAT TARİHİ ARAŞTIRMALARI
AN ANALYSIS OF 19TH CENTURY ISTANBUL IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARCHİTECTURE AND SOCIAL ORDER THROUGH THE EYES OF BRITISH ARTIST WILLIAM HENRY BARTLETT
Yayıncı:
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Yayınları
19th century Istanbul has always been mysterious in the eyes of the West and attracted attention. At this point, the engravings have increased as a product of the curiosity and mystery felt for the Ottoman Empire. During this period, many artists came to the Ottoman capital, Istanbul, and while they were drawing the elements that attracted their attention, they actually presented a lot of information about that period. At the same time, they are important in terms of being a period source that has reached western countries as a visual document with the western eye. People’s daily life, habits, social environments and architectural style of the period can be followed with these engravings. British artist William Henry Bartlett made 87 engravings during which he watched Istanbul during his stay in Istanbul. His engravings have been important in terms of bringing a transforming urban structure and its reflection on the social order and daily life to the present day. Around the fountains of the square, in the recreation areas and in the gardens that are opened to the public, in these areas, which are the result of a changing architectural order, it is understood how people of all classes and religions socialize by breaking the distinction between men and women compared to the past. How this socialization culture has changed can be easily analyzed from Bartlett’s engravings. It is understood that these places have been places where people from different cultures and social structures created a new socialization area and the differences between them decreased. Bartlett’s engravings, 19th century, both in terms of daily life and architectural change in terms of the reflections of socio-cultural structure inferences can be evaluated as a concrete period source. This study is important in that it evaluated and conveyed all these situations according to the conditions of the period, not from today’s point of view, but from the eyes of an artist who lived in that period with the help of engravings. It was given the opportunity to examine the changing and hybrid architectural style and social order of the Ottoman Empire from the perspective of a westerner, based on periodical sources. It is understood that the state, which went through a long process of change until the 19th century, was open to innovations in terms of architectural style, but was in search of a free aesthetic without adhering to one-to-one inspired styles. In the fountains encountered as part of this free aesthetic pursuit, it was tried to reveal the taste of the period by determining how the changing understanding of ornament was created in hybrid form. In addition, how the square culture was formed in the places where the fountains were located and the changing public area accordingly were examined. It has been analyzed how the declining state presented its power and magnificence to the public in a struggle for visibility, through the architectural language, in the environments where it was most socialized