II. International Seljuk Historical Geography Symposium FULL TEXT BOOK-I
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Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Yayınları
Shortly after the Battle of Dandanakan in 1040, an army under the command of Ibrahim Yinal from the Seljuk dynasty embarked on a series of military operations that resulted in the capture of the mountainous area in the northwest of Iran known as al-Jibal. As a result of this operation, many important cities in the region, as well as local dynasties, submitted to the Seljuks. The most important of these were the Kakuyis (1007- 1051), who dominated Rey and Hamadan, and the Annazis (991-1117), who controlled Hulvan and Dinever. In fact, all emirates or dynasties in the al-Jibal region had been continuing their political lives under the Buwayhids for a long time. Although the Annazis were influential in the region, they were dragged into a fight for the throne within themselves at that time. With the entry of İbrahim Yinâl into the region, Gerşafs, one of the Kakuyis, left the city of Hamadan, and the Annazi emir Ebu al-Shawk, who held a significant part of el-Jibal, had to leave Dinever, the center of the emirate, and flee to Kırmisin. Then, an army under the command of İbrahim Yinal, consisting mostly of Oghuzs, captured many cities one after another. Thereupon, the Annazis wanted to gather around Ebu alShawk brother Mühelhil, but Ebu al-Shawk’s son Sadi b. Ebu al-Shawk suddenly changed the balance when he accepted the sovereignty of İbrahim Yinal and sided with the Seljuks. Then, other Kurdish tribes in the region declared that they were loyal to the Seljuks, and Sa’di b. It changed in favor of Ebu al-Shawk. But it seems that Mühelhil, who could not digest this, captured the city of Hulvan, where the sermon was read on behalf of the Seljuks, and put an end to the Seljuk domination there. Sa’di b. Although Ebu al-Shawk managed to recapture Hulvan with the military support he received from the Oghuzs, he was defeated in a war with his uncle and was captured. Sa’di b. Ebu al-Shawk captured some cities from his uncle Surhab in 1047 with the military help he received from İbrahim Yinal himself, but was ambushed by the Oghuzs while on the road and lost his army. Not content with this, the Oghuzs also plundered the towns and villages in the region. İbrahim Yinal continued his activities in the region and captured Sirvan, one of the important castles held by the Annazis, in 1050. Realizing that he could not stand in front of the Seljuks in this way, Mühelhil had to submit to Tuğrul Bey. On the other hand, Sa’di b. Ebu al-Shawk, on the other hand, won the fight he started against his uncle, captured Mühelhil as a prisoner, and later announced that he was subject to the Buwayhids. Upon this news, Tugrul Bey sent an army to the el-Jibal region in 1054. Sa’di b. Ebu alShawk had to retreat with the very few soldiers who survived this war. Although their political existence continued until 1117, the dominance of the Annazis in the region actually ended with the impact of this coup. With these events, the entire el-Jibal region would come under Seljuk rule.
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