25.ULUSLARARASI ORTAÇAĞ VE TÜRK DÖNEMİ KAZILARI VE SANAT TARİHİ ARAŞTIRMALARI
FACIAL RECONSTRUCTION OF TIMUR BY GERASIMOV: AN EXHUMATION IN 1941
Yayıncı:
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Yayınları
As one of the most powerful and influential leaders of the Eastern world in the 14th and 15th centuries, Timur left a vast historical and artistic legacy. In this sense, he became legendary in the collective memory of the peoples of Central Asia, but he was also a frequently mentioned figure in Western literature since the Middle Ages. When the city of Samarkand, which contains the most magnificent Timurid memories, came under Russian domination in the second half of the 19th century, a deepening interest in the Timurid era began to awaken in Russia and comprehensive studies were carried out on the Timurid monuments. In the Soviet era, anthropology, archaeology, and art history studies are often intertwined. Especially from the 1930s, the graves of some important people were opened, and the findings were examined by commissions established with the participation of various experts such as historians, archaeologists, and anthropologists. In this process, the tombs of Timur and his sons/grandsons buried in the Gur-i Amir were opened, and the skeletal remains were analyzed. Taking part in the commission as an anthropologist and sculptor, M.M. Gerasimov was commissioned to prepare a facial reconstruction/sculpture of Timur in accordance with his real appearance, based on anthropological data. However, the process involving the exhumation and the reburial was also led to various beliefs at that time: It has turned into a “myth” associated with Russia’s involvement in the World War II and its victory over Germany, which took place simultaneously with this expedition. But after all, the portrait, prepared by Gerasimov, which depicts Timur for the first time in his original appearance, is considered as a prototype for later Timur portraits. In this paper, the expedition carried out in 1941 and its results were examined especially in the light of Gerasimov’s own notes.