1. Internatıonal Young Researchers Student Congress
Afetlerde Barınma Sorunlarının Değerlendirilmesi; Derleme

Yazarlar:
Yayın Yılı:
2019
Yayıncı:
Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi
Dil:
Türkçe
Disipline:
Yer Bilimleri
Konu:
Sedimentology,Anthropology
Özet (AI):
Barınma gereksinimi, insanların gözlerini dünyaya ilk açtıkları andan itibaren vardır. Barınmak için seçilen mekânlar insanların yaşamlarını devam ettirebilmek için en uygun ve devamlılığın olduğu konumların olmasına özen gösterilmelidir. Bu barınma mekânlarını seçerken insanların gereksinimleri ve çevre faktörü göz önüne alınmıştır. Bu sebeple yerleşim yerleri seçilirken bu iki etkene bakılarak seçim yapılmıştır. Genel olarak insanların gereksinimleri daha önemli olduğu için çevre faktörü dikkate alınmadığı zamanlarda olmuştur. Bu durum bir dizi sıkıntılara neden olmuştur. (1) Bir afet durumunda elimizdeki kaynakların daha fazlasına gereksinim duyarız. Yaşanan afet durumu bazı zamanlarda olağanüstü durum olarak sayılır. Afet durumunda insanların barınma, yiyecek, içecek, kıyafet, sağlık ihtiyaçları artmaktadır. Toplumun, iklimin negatif etkilerinden korunması şarttır. (2) İnsanların en önemli gereksinimlerinden biri barınmadır. Barınma, olağan üstü bir durumda çok önemli yere sahiptir. İnsanları sosyal, ekonomik, psikolojik açıdan doğrudan ya da dolaylı yoldan etkileyen olgudur. Bu sebeple olağan üstü bir durumda meydana çıkan acil barınma gereksinimi ülkeler için önemli role sahipken bilimsel araştırmalarda da ele alınmıştır.(3) Yaşanan afetin boyutuna göre gereksinim duyulan, afet sebebiyle ortaya çıkan olayın negatif etkilerinden kaynaklı afetzedelerin diğer bölgelere göre daha güvenli alan olarak adlandırılan tahliye alanlarına sevk edilmesi ve gündelik yaşamlarındaki mekânların kullanılamaz derecede hasar görmeleri nedeniyle afetzedelerin afeti yaşadıkları bölgede ya da diğer alanlarda kurulan geçici barınma alanlarına ihtiyaçları vardır.(4)Çalışmamızda ele aldığımız barınma alanları, oluşan afetlerden sonra insanların gereksinimlere cevap verdiği ve insanların huzurlu ve güvenli bir şekilde yaşamlarına devam etmeleri açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu nedenle afet öncesi hazırlık planlarında yer alması gerekmektedir.(5)Çalışmamızın amacı yaşanan doğal afetlerden sonra toplumun barınma ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması ve barınma sorunlarının ortaya çıkarılmasına yönelik yapılan diğer çalışmalara kaynak olmasıdır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Afet, Barınma, Afet sonrası barınma, Afetlerde barınma sorunu ABSTRACT The need for shelter exists from the moment people first open their eyes to the world. The places chosen for shelter should be the most suitable and continuity locations in order to sustain people's lives. When choosing these accommodation places, the needs of the people and the environmental factor are taken into consideration. For this reason, the selection of settlements was made by looking at these two factors. In general, when the needs of people were more important, the environmental factor was not taken into International Young Researchers Student Congress 28-30 November 2019 Burdur/TURKEY Tam Metin Kitabı account. This has caused a number of problems.In the event of a disaster, we need more resources available. Disasters are sometimes considered as extraordinary situations. In case of disaster, people's housing, food, drinks, clothing, health needs are increasing. Society must be protected from the negative effects of climate.housing is one of the most important needs of people. Housing has a very important place in an extraordinary situation. It is a phenomenon that affects people directly or indirectly in social, economic, psychological terms. For this reason, the urgent need for shelter in an extraordinary situation has an important role for countries and has been dealth with in scientific research. It is required that, in accordance with the severity of the disaster, disaster victims, who need, because of the negatife effects of the event that breaks out, be dispatced to the evacuation areas called to be more secure than the other areas and also because of the irrecoverable destruction of their daily settlements, disaster victims need evacuation areas that are created either in the site they live or in other sites.The sheltering areas that we have discussed in our study have an important place in terms of people to respond to their needs after disasters and to continue their lives in a peaceful and safe way. Therefore, it should be included in the pre-disaster preparedness plans.The aim of our study is to meet the housing needs of the society after the natural disasters and to be the source of other studies conducted to reveal the housing problems. Key words: Disaster, Shelter, Hausing after disaster, housing problem in disasters GİRİŞ: Literatür çalışması sonucunda afetin birden farklı tanımı vardır. En geniş afet tanımı ' insanlar ve insanların yaşadıkları yerler üzerinde fiziksel, ekonomik, psikolojik açıdan kayıplara sebep olan, insanların olağan yaşamını ve işlerini durdurarak kesintiye uğratan ve etkilenen toplumun üstesinden gelemediği doğa ve insan kaynaklı olaylardır'. Afetler insan ve doğa kaynaklı olmak üzere iki grupta incelenirler. Doğal afetlere örnek olarak deprem, sel, toprak kayması, yangın örnek verilirken insan kaynaklı afetlere ise hava kirliliği, su kirliliği, trafik kazaları örnek verilebilir.(6) Bu çalışmamızda ise sadece doğa kaynaklı afetlere yer verilmiştir. İnsan kaynaklı afetlere yer verilmemiştir. Türkiye'de yaşanan depremlere bakıldığında insan ölümleri bakımından Dünya sıralamasında; üçüncü, insanların depremlerden etkilenmesi açısından incelendiğinde ise sekizinci sıradadır. Yılda ortalama 5 ve 6 büyüklüğünde bir deprem meydana gelmektedir. Depremden kaynaklı hayatını yitiren kişi sayısı 55 bini geçmiştir. 120 bini gecik kişi de yaralanmıştır.(7) Türkiye konumu gereği en başta depremler olmak üzere sel, toprak kayması, kuraklık gibi afetlerle çok sık karşılaşmaktadır. Doğal tehlikeler önlenemezler. Her deprem ya da sel afet değildir. Afet olması için etkilenen toplumun ve kamunun yaşanan afetle başa çıkamaması söz konusudur. (8) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development'ın raporuna göre otuz altı ülke arasında Türkiye bir yıl içinde yaşanan afet sayısı bakımından 4. sırada, afetlerin neden olduğu hasarların büyüklüğü bakımından ise 7.sıradadır. Afetlerin Türkiye ekonomisine zararı oldukça fazladır. Yüksek International Young Researchers Student Congress 28-30 November 2019 Burdur/TURKEY Tam Metin Kitabı Şekil 2) GEÇİCİ BARINMA YERİ PLANI (34) Afetlerden sonra geçici barınma konusunda plan eksikliği, afetten sonra uygulanan kararların geçici barınmayı uzatması, afetlerden önce geçici barınaklar kurulmadığı için afetten sonrada geçici barınakların kısa süre içinde kurulamaması, geçici barınakların kullanılma süresinin belirlenmemesi, geçici mekânlara geçen insanların kalıcı mekanlara geçmeyi istememeleri bir diğer sorundur. (35) Türkiye'deki meydana gelen afetlerde barınma sorunlarını kısaca özetlersek; meydana gelen afetlere hazır olmadığımızı, birleşme eksikliği olduğu, kentlerde alan seçiminde sıkıntılar olduğunu, boş arazi bulma sorunu, yerleşim alanlarının yaşam alanlarına dahil edilememe sıkıntısı ve çarpık kentleşme sorunlarıdır. Acilen oluşturulan barınakların sorunları ise, hava koşullarına karşı olan sorunlar, bölgenin yetersiz gelmesi, güvenlik sıkıntılarının ortaya çıkması, barınaklarda oluşan yalıtım sıkıntıları, gizlilik sıkıntıları ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu konulara ek olarak ekonomik açıdan da sorunlar mevcuttur. Barınakların afetlerde zarar görüp bir sonraki afet durumunda kullanılamaz hale gelmesi bir başka sorunu ortaya çıkarmaktadır.(20) Işıklandırma, içme sularındaki sıkıntı, kanalizasyon sorunları doğmaktadır. Afete maruz kalan bireylerin normal olmayan şartlarda ve tek başlarına kalmaları, bireylerin iş hayatlarının düşünülmemesi, bireylerin afet durumunda aktif rol almamaları afete maruz kalan bireylerin psikolojik açıdan etkilenmesine neden olmaktadır.(36) Depremdeki barınma uygulamaları ile ilgili elde çok az veri olsa da, yeniden yapım aşamasında yerinde yapım veya onarımın tercih edildiği tahmin edilmektedir.(37)

International Young Researchers Student Congress
The Problems Of The Disaster Are Assessed;

Yazarlar:
Yayın Yılı:
2019
Yayıncı:
Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi
Dil:
Turkish
Disiplin:
Sedimentology,Anthropology
Konu:
Sedimentology,Anthropology
Özet:
(AI):
The need for accommodation exists from the moment when people first open their eyes to the world.The places selected for accommodation should be cared for to be the most suitable and continuous places for people to continue their lives.When choosing these accommodation areas, people’s needs and environmental factors were taken into account.For this reason, the place of settlement was chosen by considering these two factors.It has been in times when environmental factors are not taken into account because the needs of people are more important.This has caused a number of difficulties.(1) In the event of a disaster, we need more resources available.This situation is sometimes considered an emergency.In the case of disasters, people need accommodation, food, beverage, clothes, health needs are increasing.It is necessary to protect society from the negative impacts of climate.(2) One of the most important needs of the people is housing.The home has a very important place in a normal superstition.It is a phenomenon that directly or indirectly affects people from a social, economic, psychological point of view.Therefore, the need for emergency housing that occurs in a superordinary situation has played an important role for countries, while scientific research has also been addressed.and (3)According to the size of the catastrophe that is required, the catastrophe caused by the negative effects of the catastrophe is needed to be transferred to the evacuation areas called the safer area than the other areas and the places in their daily lives are unavailable due to the damage of the catastrophe are needed to the temporary residence areas established in the area where the catastrophe is experienced or in other areas.4) in our workThe residential areas we deal with have an important place in terms of the people’s response to their needs after the disasters and the people’s continuation of their lives in a peaceful and safe way.Therefore, it is necessary to be included in the pre-accident preparation plans.5) The workThe aim is to be the source of other work aimed at meeting the housing needs of the society after natural disasters and the discovery of housing problems.The need for shelter exists from the moment people first open their eyes to the world.the places chosen for shelter should be the most suitable and continuity locations in order to sustain people's lives.When choosing these accommodation places, the needs of the people and the environmental factor are taken into consideration.For this reason, the selection of settlements was made by looking at these two factors.in general, when the needs of people were more important, the environmental factor was not taken into international young researchers student congress 28-30 November 2019 burdur/turkey full text book account.This has caused a number of problems.in the event of a disaster, we need more resources available.Disasters are sometimes considered as extraordinary situations.In case of disaster, people’s housing, food, drinks, clothing, health needs are increasing.society must be protected from the negative effects of climate.housing is one of the most important needs of people.Housing has a very important place in an extraordinary situation.It is a phenomenon that affects people directly or indirectly in social, economic, psychological terms.For this reason, the urgent need for shelter in an extraordinary situation has an important role for countries and has been dealth with in scientific research.It is required that, in accordance with the severity of the disaster, disaster victims, who need, because of the negative effects of the event that breaks out, be dispatched to the evacuation areas called to be more secure than the other areas and also because of the irrecoverable destruction of their daily settlements, disaster victims need evacuation areas that are created either in the site they live or in other sites. the sheltering areas that we have discussed in our study have an important place in terms of people to respond to their needs after disasters and to continue their lives in a peaceful and safe way.Therefore, it should be included in the pre-disaster preparedness plans.the goal of our study is to meet the housing needs of the society after the natural disasters and to be the source of other studies conducted to reveal the housing problems.Key words: disaster, shelter, hausing after disaster, housing problem in disasters.The most widespread definition of disasters is ‘natural and human-source events that cause physical, economic, and psychological losses on the places where people and people live, which interrupt the normal life and work of people and which the affected society cannot overcome’.Disasters are studied in two groups: human and natural.Natural disasters as an example of earthquakes, floods, earthquakesThe need for accommodation exists from the moment when people first open their eyes to the world.The places selected for accommodation should be cared for to be the most suitable and continuous places for people to continue their lives.When choosing these accommodation areas, people’s needs and environmental factors were taken into account.For this reason, the place of settlement was chosen by considering these two factors.It has been in times when environmental factors are not taken into account because the needs of people are more important.This has caused a number of difficulties.(1) In the event of a disaster, we need more resources available.This situation is sometimes considered an emergency.In the case of disasters, people need accommodation, food, beverage, clothes, health needs are increasing.It is necessary to protect society from the negative impacts of climate.(2) One of the most important needs of the people is housing.The home has a very important place in a normal superstition.It is a phenomenon that directly or indirectly affects people from a social, economic, psychological point of view.Therefore, the need for emergency housing that occurs in a superordinary situation has played an important role for countries, while scientific research has also been addressed.and (3)According to the size of the catastrophe that is required, the catastrophe caused by the negative effects of the catastrophe is needed to be transferred to the evacuation areas called the safer area than the other areas and the places in their daily lives are unavailable due to the damage of the catastrophe are needed to the temporary residence areas established in the area where the catastrophe is experienced or in other areas.4) in our workThe residential areas we deal with have an important place in terms of the people’s response to their needs after the disasters and the people’s continuation of their lives in a peaceful and safe way.Therefore, it is necessary to be included in the pre-accident preparation plans.5) The workThe aim is to be the source of other work aimed at meeting the housing needs of the society after natural disasters and the discovery of housing problems.The need for shelter exists from the moment people first open their eyes to the world.the places chosen for shelter should be the most suitable and continuity locations in order to sustain people's lives.When choosing these accommodation places, the needs of the people and the environmental factor are taken into consideration.For this reason, the selection of settlements was made by looking at these two factors.in general, when the needs of people were more important, the environmental factor was not taken into international young researchers student congress 28-30 November 2019 burdur/turkey full text book account.This has caused a number of problems.in the event of a disaster, we need more resources available.Disasters are sometimes considered as extraordinary situations.In case of disaster, people’s housing, food, drinks, clothing, health needs are increasing.society must be protected from the negative effects of climate.housing is one of the most important needs of people.Housing has a very important place in an extraordinary situation.It is a phenomenon that affects people directly or indirectly in social, economic, psychological terms.For this reason, the urgent need for shelter in an extraordinary situation has an important role for countries and has been dealth with in scientific research.It is required that, in accordance with the severity of the disaster, disaster victims, who need, because of the negative effects of the event that breaks out, be dispatched to the evacuation areas called to be more secure than the other areas and also because of the irrecoverable destruction of their daily settlements, disaster victims need evacuation areas that are created either in the site they live or in other sites. the sheltering areas that we have discussed in our study have an important place in terms of people to respond to their needs after disasters and to continue their lives in a peaceful and safe way.Therefore, it should be included in the pre-disaster preparedness plans.the goal of our study is to meet the housing needs of the society after the natural disasters and to be the source of other studies conducted to reveal the housing problems.Key words: disaster, shelter, hausing after disaster, housing problem in disasters.The most widespread definition of disasters is ‘natural and human-source events that cause physical, economic, and psychological losses on the places where people and people live, which interrupt the normal life and work of people and which the affected society cannot overcome’.Disasters are studied in two groups: human and natural.Natural disasters as an example of earthquakes, floods, earthquakes